Open boundary conditions for nonlinear channel flow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jonas Nycander  Andrew McC. Hogg  Leela M. Frankcombe   《Ocean Modelling》2008,24(3-4):108-121

Open boundary conditions are derived for the one-dimensional nonrotating two-layer shallow-water equations. The conditions are based on characteristics of the external and internal modes. It is possible to find exact nonlinear characteristic conditions for the external mode, as well as approximate nonlinear conditions for the internal mode. These conditions can also be linearised by Taylor expansion; the approximate linear conditions are similar to those used in several previous studies. Both of the nonlinear and linearised conditions perform well, indicating that either the nonlinear or linearised conditions may potentially be extended to the more general case of multi-layer flows.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲孤东海域沉积物及水动力   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李向阳  陈沈良  胡静  陈小英  李为华 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(1):43-49

根据黄河三角洲孤东近岸海域表层沉积物取样、水文泥沙观测和风浪资料推算,分析沉积物特征和运移趋势,并通过水动力条件(潮流和波浪)探讨沉积物起动和输移特征。结果表明,孤东海域沉积物多为粉砂类物质,由内向外逐渐变细,分选变差,丁坝的修建对周围粒径分布影响明显;沉积物运移趋势受风成余流、岸线轮廓和丁坝工程修建的影响,不同区域表现为不同的输移方向;研究区水动力表现为波浪掀沙、潮流输沙的特征,由于潮流较小,不足以引起泥沙的起动,泥沙起动主要由波浪引起。  相似文献   

云南省鸡街-篆角地区达莲塘组锰矿成矿条件及找矿前景分析     

王宁 《地质与勘探》2019,55(S1):299-305

泥盆纪时期鸡街—篆角地区处于拉伸台盆—台地沉积环境,在早泥盆世—中泥盆世沉积了一套碳酸盐陡坡和深水硅质盆地、碳酸盐缓坡相间的岩石序列,其中中上部发现有硅质岩夹含锰泥岩岩系,本文通过对研究区内锰矿成矿的地质背景、含锰岩系层序分析、岩石组合特征、岩相古地理及成矿预测模式研究,进一步提高了该地区泥盆系达莲塘组含锰岩系的找矿认识,对该地区今后的找矿前景进行了分析。  相似文献   

Proterozoic VanDieland in Central Victoria: ages,compositions and source depths for late devonian silicic magmas     

J. D. Clemens  I. S. Buick 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(4):519-530

The Proterozoic to Cambrian VanDieland microcontinent was accreted to mainland Australia at ca 400?Ma, and its northern tip, the Selwyn Block, forms the basement in central Victoria. Here, mainly Late Devonian, silicic magmas were derived from the Selwyn Block and intruded into the shallow crust. We use the phase petrology of Late Devonian, S-type rhyolitic ignimbrites and a xenolith of pelitic migmatite, together with Nd-model ages for the silicic magmatic rocks to constrain the lithological characteristics of the metasedimentary component of the Selwyn Block, to infer minimum depths and temperature conditions here in the Late Devonian, and the likely ages of the source rocks for the S-type magmas. The most abundant source rocks are inferred to be volcaniclastic metagreywackes, with minor metadacites, meta-andesites and metapelites. The metapelitic xenolith cannot have been the source for any of the silicic magmas but constrains the upper amphibolite-facies part of the Selwyn Block to depths around 17?km, where temperatures reached ～775?°C. The older ignimbrite magma was formed by partial melting at perhaps 770?°C and a depth of at least 33?km, while the younger ignimbrite magma formed at ～23?km and 900?°C. These depths suggest source rocks in the Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic lower parts of the Selwyn Block. Nd-model ages of the silicic magmatic rocks confirm a dominance of Mesoproterozoic to Paleoproterozoic sources. If the inferred rock types in the Mesoproterozoic formations were as current correlations suggest, the sources for the Late Devonian silicic magmas would have to lie in the undocumented Paleoproterozoic basement of the Selwyn Block. Rock types here must include andesitic to dacitic volcanic components as well as volcaniclastic greywackes and minor pelites, which suggests a continental arc setting. The Late Devonian magmatism in the region may record the progression from amphibolite- to granulite-facies conditions during post-orogenic extension, with heat advected to the crust by mantle-derived mafic magmas. These processes would have resulted in mafitisation of the deep Selwyn Block.  相似文献   

基于灾情数据的新疆雪灾的评估与区划     

王秀琴  卢新玉  马禹  王旭 《冰川冻土》2019,41(4):836-844

选取1955-2017年新疆因雪灾造成的牲畜受灾数量、作物受灾面积、经济损失三大灾情数据,揭示新疆雪灾时间和空间分布特征,通过构建雪灾灾损指数,对新疆雪灾进行区划。分析表明：新疆雪灾的发生北疆多于南疆,山区多于盆地,西部多于东部,主要集中发生在阿尔泰山区、天山山区及昆仑山区,灾情最重的是阿勒泰地区、伊犁地区、塔城地区;进入2000年以后,雪灾呈现明显高位震荡特点;利用多指标综合评估法,运用连续型随机变量分布密度近似求法,求得的新疆雪灾灾损指数,能客观反映新疆雪灾灾情;雪灾灾损指数遵从Γ分布,根据Γ分布函数属性及各类雪灾事件发生概率,进行了新疆雪灾等级区划。研究成果可为决策服务及气候可行性论证提供理论依据,对科学准确地制定防灾备灾措施、及时组织开展雪灾应急救助工作以及灾后的恢复重建决策给予一定参考。  相似文献   

北淮阳变质单元中“浅变质”带——佛子岭群主期变质条件和碎屑锆石年代学探究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赵俊先  石永红  唐虎  李秋立  侯振辉  周甜 《岩石学报》2019,35(7):2219-2236

佛子岭群为北淮阳变质单元的重要组成部分,其位于大别碰撞造山带最北缘,处于扬子和华北板块的结合部位,构造位置极为关键。长期以来,佛子岭群一直被视为扬子板块北缘沉积产物,并以加积楔形式产出。然而,随着年代学和构造地质学的研究的深入,对其构造归属和形成动力学机制产生了差异性认识,究其原因主要是对佛子岭群变质属性缺乏准确的判定所致。为此,本研究对佛子岭群展开了详细的野外观测和区域变质岩石学研究,以及岩相学、热力学和年代学分析。研究表明佛子岭群构成较为复杂,主体由细粒的云母石英片岩、石英云母片岩和石榴云母片岩构成。主期变质PT条件评价显示,其温压范围为610～620℃和0. 9～1. 0GPa,普遍经历了中-高压角闪岩相变质,并非为"浅"变质产物,并卷入了较深层次的俯冲-折返过程。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,佛子岭群年龄跨度较大,范围为3101±48Ma～413±9Ma,可分为5组年龄,年龄峰值分别为2537Ma、1567Ma、940Ma、749Ma和440Ma,显示了华北和扬子板块混合物源特征,最年轻的年龄峰值暗示其形成于早古生代晚期。  相似文献   

长江中下游地区鄂东南和九瑞矿集区成矿岩体特征及其识别标志     

蒋少涌  段登飞  徐耀明  SAMAKE Bakaramoko  李正汉 《岩石学报》2019,35(12):3609-3628

长江中下游地区是我国一条重要的铜多金属成矿带,成矿与燕山期岩浆活动密切相关,矿床类型主要有斑岩型和矽卡岩型。在长江中下游成矿带西段的鄂东南和九瑞地区产有该带中几个十分重要的大型铜多金属矿床,如铜绿山、鸡冠嘴、铜山口、城门山、武山等。通过对该区岩体的系统对比研究表明,成矿岩体和不成矿岩体的矿物组成,主微量元素成分及成岩年龄上并无明显差异。总体而言,九瑞地区岩浆岩的形成年龄集中在141～148Ma之间,略早于鄂东南地区与铜矿相关的岩浆岩(集中在137～140Ma)。对岩浆岩全岩的Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素研究表明,一些成矿岩体具有比不成矿岩体更高比例的幔源物质贡献。对岩浆岩中主要造岩矿物,如角闪石和黑云母的详细研究,可以区分它们的不同结晶历史,从而揭示岩浆从早至晚演化过程中,相容元素和不相容元素、成矿元素和挥发份元素的变化规律,判别岩浆分离结晶过程、流体出溶过程,指示成矿与否。通过对角闪石和黑云母温压计的应用,估测了九瑞和鄂东南地区成矿岩体与不成矿岩体的侵位压力和深度,发现成矿岩体一般具有较低的压力(4kbar)和较浅的侵位深度。九瑞和鄂东南地区成矿岩体均具有较高的氧逸度。成矿岩体演化到晚期,氧逸度显示升高的趋势,岩浆中的挥发分/成矿金属含量较高。而不成矿岩体就位前岩浆贫化Cu、S、Cl等元素,不能分异出含足够成矿元素的成矿热液。因此,通过详细的矿物学、特别是造岩矿物角闪石和黑云母以及副矿物锆石和磷灰石的主微量元素和同位素组成的研究,以及由其计算出的温度、压力、氧逸度、流体成分等参数,可以区分成矿与不成矿岩体,从而为长江中下游成矿带乃至其他类似地区的深部找矿工作提供理论指导。  相似文献   

朱溪矿集区横路矿区成矿条件与找矿潜力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

魏锦  许杰辉  王先广  严加永  张雪辉  刘建光  孟德磊  何细荣  饶建锋  蒙智宇  欧阳永棚 《中国地质》2019,46(4):906-918

横路矿区位于朱溪矿集区内,其成矿条件与世界最大钨矿床--朱溪矿床类似,目前已发现了多处找矿线索,但前期工作主要聚焦于500 m以浅,亟待探索该区深部找矿前景。本文从矿区地质、地球物理、地球化学、遥感特征及钻探验证等方面综合分析,并与朱溪矿区进行对比,发现二者在成矿地层层位、控岩控矿构造以及岩浆岩所处成岩-成矿事件等重要成矿条件上极为相似。此外,横路矿区的浅表矿化蚀变分布情况与岩脉密切相关,物化探异常及岩脉分布特征显示深部存在隐伏岩体。综合分析认为横路矿区深部找矿潜力巨大,具有找寻破碎带(热液脉)型、矽卡岩型及斑岩型铜钼金多金属矿床的良好前景。  相似文献   

Morphologic and sedimentologic patterns of active aeolian dune‐fields on the east coast of Maranhão,northeast Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

Natalia Naches Hilbert  Carlos C. F. Guedes  Paulo C. F. Giannini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(1):87-97

The eastern portion of the Maranhão coast is characterized by large active dune‐fields located in a tropical setting. This article combines the analysis of dune‐field morphologic patterns with the classical analysis of grain size and heavy minerals to study the sedimentary dynamics of the active aeolian system in this region. Based on the heavy mineral analysis, the main sedimentary suppliers feeding the system are the westward alongshore drift bringing sand from the coast east of the Parnaíba River mouth and the river itself. The absence of well‐defined variation patterns of the two morphometric parameters studied, dune spacing and crest length, reflects complex sedimentary dynamics and transport pathways, inside the aeolian system, despite the unidirectional wind. During the wet season, the interdune plains are flooded and the system is intensely reworked by intermittent drainages. During the dry season, the deposits formed by the drainages and interdune lakes become temporary internal sedimentary sources for the system. Due to this combined aeolian‐fluvial transport, the sediment source area has a planar geometry, with contributions from the beach and interdune plains, and not linear as expected in a typical case of source only in the beach. The areal limits of the dune‐fields is the main boundary condition controlling the dune‐field patterns, as dune spacing and crest length, by changing the sedimentary inflow–outflow balance and interactions between migration dunes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Historically unprecedented erosion from Tropical Storm Irene due to high antecedent precipitation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Brian Yellen  Jonathan D. Woodruff  Timothy L. Cook  Robert M. Newton 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(5):677-684

Lacustrine sediment archives indicate that flooding during Tropical Storm Irene (2011) in the north‐eastern United States caused the most severe erosion of any flood in the historic record, surpassing that of events with greater precipitation and peak discharges. Compared to deposition from historic floods, Irene's event layer was more massive and more enriched in unweathered upland sediments, indicating an anomalously high incidence of mass wasting and sediment entrainment. Precipitation records indicate that neither precipitation intensity nor total accumulation distinguished Irene from less erosive historic floods. However, cumulative precipitation prior to Irene exceeded the 95th percentile of all days in the record. When allowing for non‐stationarity in the twentieth century background precipitation, we find a four‐fold increase in the probability of Irene‐like conditions, where impacts of extreme rainfall are enhanced by high antecedent precipitation. We conclude that irrespective of increases in extreme precipitation, the risk of highly erosive flooding in the region is increasing due to the influence of wetter baseline conditions associated with a changing climate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献